Judged: two independent readers; copy check clear.
hydraulic model
hydraulic model In this source, the hydraulic model is a theory of nonsuicidal self-injury that treats self-harm as a way to release or reduce overwhelming negative arousal through automatic negative reinforcement.
In this source, the hydraulic model is a theory of nonsuicidal self-injury that treats self-harm as a way to release or reduce overwhelming negative arousal through automatic negative reinforcement. It is presented as explaining self-injury linked to intense distress, while not accounting well for cases marked more by emptiness or anhedonia than by hyper-arousal.