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development

Judged: two independent readers; copy check clear.

helplessness

helplessness Helplessness is a state of feeling that one’s actions are unlikely to improve outcomes, which can lower perceived control and reduce help-seeking or active engagement.

Helplessness is a state of feeling that one’s actions are unlikely to improve outcomes, which can lower perceived control and reduce help-seeking or active engagement. In educational settings, it may be shaped by poor support or exclusion and can reinforce withdrawal from others.