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learning

Judged: two independent readers; copy check clear.

underconfidence

underconfidence Underconfidence is a metacognitive bias in which people judge their own ability as worse than it actually is.

Underconfidence is a metacognitive bias in which people judge their own ability as worse than it actually is. In this source, it refers specifically to being less confident than warranted in one’s unaided memory, which can contribute to relying too much on external reminders.