Judged: two independent readers; copy check clear.
top-down processing
top-down processing Top-down processing is the influence of higher-level information, such as social meaning or expectations, on how speech is recognized and remembered.
Top-down processing is the influence of higher-level information, such as social meaning or expectations, on how speech is recognized and remembered. In this context, it refers to spoken word recognition being shaped not only by the sound itself but also by socially and linguistically relevant cues linked to the talker or speech variant.