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emotion and motivation

Judged: two independent readers; copy check clear.

self-handicapping

self-handicapping Self-handicapping is a defensive strategy in which a person reduces effort or creates obstacles for themselves when a challenging task feels threatening to their competence.

Self-handicapping is a defensive strategy in which a person reduces effort or creates obstacles for themselves when a challenging task feels threatening to their competence. It serves to protect self-image by providing a way to explain poor performance.