Judged: two independent readers; copy check clear.
involuntary attention
involuntary attention Involuntary attention is attention that is drawn automatically by the natural pull of ideas, interests, or associations, rather than by deliberate effort.
Involuntary attention is attention that is drawn automatically by the natural pull of ideas, interests, or associations, rather than by deliberate effort. In James’s account, it differs less in kind from voluntary attention than in whether attention feels effortless or strained when competing interests are present.